非暴力コミュニケーション

武力なしに対等にコミュンケーショをするには？;


かつて既存の心理学の手法が精神的健康の度合いの低い人たちの研究から体系付けられ、それを一般の人たちにも演繹的に適用しようとする風潮があり、マーシャル・ローゼンバーグは次第に疑問を抱くようになった、

そこで、ローゼンバーグは、精神的健康の度合いの低い人たちではなく、精神的健康の度合いの高い人たち、言い換えれば、絶望的な状況や困難な状況に陥っても尊厳を失わない人たちが、いかにしてそれらの状況を乗り越えて来られたのかに焦点を当てて、研究を行った。 対象の人物は、近年の著名人では、マザー・テレサ、マハトマ・ガンディー、キング牧師らである。

そして次のような発見をした。

困難な状況で多くの人たちに希望を与えながら、大きなことを成し遂げる人たちの使う言葉・話す言葉は、そうではない人たちとは異なる。

そしてそれを誰でも使えるように体系付けた。
Nonviolent Communication (NVC) is a process developed by Marshall Rosenberg and others which people use to communicate with greater compassion and clarity.[1] It focuses on two things: honest self-expression — exposing what matters to oneself in a way that's likely to inspire compassion in others, and empathy — listening with deep compassion.

One of the central tenets of nonviolent communication (also called "compassionate communication") is that everything a human being does (whether benign or hurtful) is an attempt to meet their human needs. NVC postulates that conflict between individuals or groups is a result of miscommunication about these needs, most often because of coercive language (e.g., inducing fear, guilt, shame, praise, blame, duty, obligation, punishment, or reward).

The goal of NVC is to create a situation in which everyone's needs are understood. The assumption is that, from this state of mutual understanding, new strategies will flow that meet some needs of everyone.

In order to reach mutual understanding, NVC advocates expressing oneself in neutral terms--talking about your "feelings" and "needs"--rather than in judgmental terms of good/bad, right/wrong. Formal NVC self-expression follows four steps: making neutral observations (distinguished from interpretations/evaluations), expressing feelings (emotions separate from reasons and interpretation), expressing needs (deep motives) and making requests (clear, present, doable and without demand). [2]

When listening to the other party in a conflict, NVC advocates echoing that party's statements back to them, rephrased in terms of feelings/needs (e.g. "It sounds like you were nervous because your need for safety wasn't being met.")


（wikipediaより）